Part I Madhumeha and mitahara according to yoga and Spiritual lore Part II effect of 10 days yoga on body compositions in type 2 diabetic mellitus

Abstract

Background The type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. It is the most prevalent metabolic condition and one of the major health and socioeconomic problems worldwide. A number of behavioral interventions have been suggested for preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus, including increased physical activity, diet modification, and cessation of smoking (Hu, 2011). In addition, there is growing evidence that psychological stress and negative mood states are bidirectional associated with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, central obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Subsequently, mind-body interventions have been suggested to aid in regulating stress psychophysiology. In this light, yoga has been suggested as a complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of T2DM. Yoga has been demonstrated to reduce stress and induce relaxation, which could aid in controlling symptoms of T2DM. Previous study on the effect of Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy (IAYT) program on body composition and insulin resistance (IR) in T2DM reported reduction in IR, Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat, visceral fat, triglycerides and hyperglycemia; and increases lean body mass within two weeks. The present study is designed to assess the effect of Integrated Yoga Therapy (IYT) on body compositions in patients with T2DM. Objective To study the effect of IYT on Weight (Wt), Fat, Visceral Fat (Vfat), Resting Metabolism (RM), BMI, Body Age (BA), Subcutaneous Whole Body (SubWB), Subcutaneous Trunk (SubTrunk), Subcutaneous Arms (SubArms), Subcutaneous Legs (SubLegs), Skeletal Whole Body (SkeWB), Skeletal Trunk (SkeTrunk), Skeletal Arms (SkeArms), Skeletal Legs (SkeLegs). Materials and methods: In this single group pre-post study, 44 subjects (29 males and 15 females) with age ranging from 35 to 70 years were participated. The subjects were received IYT of one and half hour duration daily for 10 days. The Wt, Fat, Vfat, RM, BMI, BA, SubWB, SubTrunk, SubArms, SubLegs, SkeWB, SkeTrunk, SkeArms, SkeLegs were recorded before and after the intervention of IYT using Karada Scan body composition monitor HBF-375 from OMRON HEALTHCARE SINGAPORE PTE LTD. This machine is useful for a more accurate and precise body composition measurement. Statistical analysis: The SPSS-16 was used to analyze the data. The Shapiro-Wilk Test showed that the data is not normally distributed. Further, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used for analyze the change in means of pre and post measurements. Results: The data analysis showed that there was 0.42% significant decrease (p<0.001) in Wt, 2.74% significant decrease (p<0.001) in Fat, 0.52% significant decrease (p<0.001)in BMI, 0.65% significant decrease (p=0.005) in BA, 0.99% significant decrease (p=0.036)in SubWB and 6.14% significant increase (p=0.047) in SkeTrunk. Furthermore, a nonsignificant decreased trend was observed in VFat (0.29 % ↓, p=0.298), SubArms (0.08%↓, p=0.051), SubLegs (1.15 % ↓, p=0.053) and SkeLegs (0.04 %↓, 0.529). Conclusion: The present study suggests that 10 days IYT reduces Wt, Fat, BMI, BA, SubWB and SkeTrunk in patients with T2DM. Thus the IYT has a great promise for the management for T2DM. Additional well-designed studies are needed before a strong recommendation can be made.